What are the primary differences between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?

The distinction between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes is rooted in their pathophysiology and management. Type 1 diabetes is primarily an autoimmune condition where the body’s immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. This leads to little or no insulin production, meaning individuals with Type 1 diabetes require lifelong insulin therapy to manage their blood sugar levels effectively.

On the other hand, Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, where the body does not use insulin effectively, and often there is an eventual decline in insulin production as well. Type 2 is frequently associated with lifestyle factors such as obesity and physical inactivity, and it can often be managed initially through lifestyle changes like diet and exercise. Medications may be added as needed, but many individuals with Type 2 can sometimes manage their diabetes without insulin, especially in the early stages.

Understanding these fundamental differences allows for better management strategies and treatment plans for individuals diagnosed with either type of diabetes, catering to their specific needs based on the nature of their condition.